1.) Egg laying Performance of Cold Stored Chinese (C102) Female Silkworm (Bombyx mori) Moth
2.) Properties of S2 Grade Fiber from Twelve Commercial Abaca Varieties
3.) Effective Alkaline Solution for Silkworm Egg Glue Removal
4.) Treatment of Industrial Wastewater by Chemical Coagulation
5.) HPLC Elution Programs for Carcinogenic Amines from Azo Dyes
Egg laying Performance of Cold Stored Chinese (C102) Female Silkworm (Bombyx mori) Moth
Fermin O. Bayeng, Arnold M. Inumpa, Zoraida R. Espiritu and Paul M. Bacuso
Abstract
The effect of cold storage duration of Chinese, C102, female moth on egg laying performance was studied. The moths were stored at 24, 48, 72, 96, 120 and 144 hours before they were mated with Japanese, J102, male moths. Results revealed that Chinese, C102, female moths cold stored at 5oC from 24 to 96 hours yielded the most number of eggs fertilized and laid, and that extended duration of 120 to 144 hours produced the least number of eggs fertilized and laid and yielded the most number of unlaid eggs, unfertilized eggs and dead eggs. Thus, it is recommended that if non-synchronization occurs, Chinese, C102, female moths may be stored at 5oC for 24 to 96 hours while awaiting for male moths for copulation.
Properties of S2 Grade Fiber from Twelve Commercial Abaca Varieties
Stela Marie C. Hagad
Abstract
The study was undertaken on S2 grade fiber from twelve commercial abaca varieties obtained from the Fiber Industry Development Authority that were subjected to the Philippine Textile Research Institute's (PTRI) established pretreatment process for abaca intended for textile processing. It aimed to assess the influence of varietal differences and the differences among the fiber sections on the gum content, tensile strength and fineness of the treated fibers that were divided into top, middle and bottom sections.
Results on the treated fibers revealed that there are significant differences in all fiber properties considered among the three sections within the same variety and across abaca varieties. Maguino variety showed parity in the residual gum and fineness properties for all its fiber sections. Itolaus variety, on the other hand, yielded the finest fiber. Statistical analysis revealed that for all their fiber sections, Maguindanao Black and Bongolanon varieties, have comparable fiber fineness. The varieties that can be grouped together to give a narror range of variability in finess are Bongolanon, Maguindanao Black and Inosa; Tinawagang Puti and Itolaus; Linawaan and Laylay varieties.
Effective Alkaline Solution for Silkworm Egg Glue Removal
Arnold M. Inumpa, Zoraida R. Espiritu, Fermin O. Bayeng and Paul M. Bacuso
Abstract
A study aimed to determine locally available alkaline solutions for silkworm egg glue removal was conducted. The study tested sodium hypochlorite (NaOCI), calcium hypochlorite (Ca(OCI)2) and potassium hydroxide (KOH) in ten concetration levels, from 1,000 to 10,000 ppm. The test eggs were soaked in the respective solutions for 10 minutes, washed, acid treated and incubated to hatch for assessment.
On the basis of percentage hatchability, percentage brushed worms and dead eggs, the study revealed that NaOCI, (Ca(OCI)2) and KOH at 5,000 ppm can be safely used to dissipate silkworm egg glue.
Treatment of Industrial Wastewater by Chemical Coagulation
Roselle L. Martonito and Elvira T. Tumlos
Abstract
The use of guar gum, alum, and ferric chloride as well as their combinations was investigated to tread synthetic and textile industry wastewater. The treatments involved the addition of different concentrations of guar gum and varying ratios of guar gum:alum and guar gum:ferric chloride. The speed and duration of stirring as well as the setting time of the coagulation process were constant in all treatments. Coagulants were added to the synthetic wastewater to assess their effectivity in reducing turbidity, total suspended solids (TSS), and chemical oxygen demand (COD), as well as in maintaining the pH to meet the prescribed regulatory effluent standards of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR).
Results showed that the two best combinations were T1 (50:50 guar:alum) and T4 (80:20 guar:alum). T1 reduced turbidity and TSS by 74.4% and 92.4%, respectively. T4 reduced turbidity by 84.2% and TSS by 83.3%. The COD level increased and the wastewater became more acidic after both treatments.
Using T1 and T4 to treat the textile wastewater, the former was found to be more effective. Turbidity and TSS were reduced by 77.7% and 60.0% with T1, but only by 63.1% and 40% with T4. COD increased while the pH slightly decreased. After two hours of aeration, COD level was reduced but not to the level within the regulatory standards. Except for COD, all the parameters were within the prescribed regulatory effluent standards.
HPLC Elution Programs for Carcinogenic Amines from Azo Dyes
Marina V. Reconose and Daisy C. Lopez
Abstract
Neat methanol (MeOH) and MeOH:H2O (7:3) have been reported as suitable eluants for quick screeing by high performance liquid chromatography of the eight carcinogenic amines from azo dyes. This paper covers 11 standard amines eluted with neat MeOH, MeOH:H2O (7:3, 6:4), acetonitrile (CH3CN), and buffer solution using isocratic and gradient techniques. Results showed that for the 11 amines considered (a) isocratic elution with MeOH:H2O [7:3] is the most suitable eluant for quick screening, (b) the less hazardous MeOH/Buf [15/80] is suitable for preliminary identification of amines that overlap at MeOH:H2O [7:3], (c) CH3CN/Buf [28/28/60/60]t55 is the best elution program, and (d) the toxic CH3CN should be used only when Amn13 and Amn22 are suspected to be present.
